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Streptococcus Pneumoniae: Molecular Mechanisms of Host-Pathogen Interactions by Brown EBOOK PDF Instant Download
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of Contributors
Preface
Section A: Streptococcus pneumoniae Epidemiology and Vaccines
Chapter 1. Molecular Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Etiological Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Infections
Some Basic Concepts in Molecular Epidemiology
Serotyping and Molecular Typing of S. pneumoniae
Clones of S. pneumoniae
References
Chapter 2. Antibiotic Resistance of Pneumococci
Introduction
Risk Factors for Resistance
Clinical Relevance of Resistance
Detection of Resistance
Mechanisms of Resistance
Role of Clones in Resistance
Vaccines and Resistance
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 3. Pneumococcal Vaccination and Consequences
Effect of the Vaccine on Pneumococcal Carriage
Effect of the Vaccine on the Disease
Impact on Antimicrobial Resistance
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination for Older Adults
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Vaccine Potential of Pneumococcal Proteins
Introduction
Next-Generation Pneumococcal Vaccine Candidates and Strategies
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Section B: Genetics and Functional Genomics of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Chapter 5. Genomics, Genetic Variation, and Regions of Differences
Streptococcus pneumoniae Comparative Genomics
Variation and Virulence
S. pneumoniae and Close Relatives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6. Regulatory Strategies of the Pneumococcus
Two-Component Regulators
Stand-Alone Regulators
Metal-Dependent Regulation
Oxidative Stress Regulons
Regulatory RNAs
Interspecies Signaling and Regulation
Roles of Regulators in Distinct Host Pathogenesis Models
Challenges of Cross Talk and Diversity
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 7. Pneumococcal Genetic Transformation During Colonization and Biofilm Formation
Introduction
Mechanisms of Pneumococcal Transformation
Competence and Biofilm Formation
Competence and Nasopharyngeal Colonization
Transformation: The Driving Force of Pneumococcal Evolution
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Section C: Streptococcus pneumoniae Biology
Chapter 8. The Pneumococcal Cell Wall
Introduction
Composition of Pneumococcal PG
Synthesis and Hydrolysis of PG
Growth and Cell Division
Chemical Composition of Pneumococcal TAs
Biosynthesis of Pneumococcal TAs
Interactions of Pneumococcal Cell-Wall Components with Host Factors
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9. Capsule Structure, Synthesis, and Regulation
Introduction
S. pneumoniae CPS Serotypes
The Capsule Gene Locus
Biosynthesis of CPS
Regulation of Capsule Biosynthesis
Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Streptococcus pneumoniae Lipoproteins and ABC Transporters
Introduction
General Features of ABC Transporter Protein and Lipoprotein Organization
Genetic Organization of ABC Transporters
Functions of S. pneumoniae Import ABC Transporters
Functions of S. pneumoniae Export ABC Transporters
Regulation of ABC Transporters
Redundancy of S. pneumoniae ABC Transporter Function
Role in Virulence
Conclusions and Unanswered Questions
References
Chapter 11. Structure and Function of Choline-Binding Proteins
Introduction: The Pneumococcal Surface Protein Families
The CBP Family in Pneumococci and Their Relatives
Structural Basis of Choline Recognition by CBPs
Three-Dimensional Structures of CBPs and Their Implications in Pathogenesis and Virulence
Functional Characterization of Other CBPs
CBPs in Bacteriophages
Conclusions and Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12. Non-Adhesive Surface Proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Introduction
Identification of Surface Proteins
Types of Surface Proteins
Roles of Surface Proteins
Proteomic Detection of Surface Proteins
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 13. Biofilm Formation Under In Vitro Conditions
Pneumococcal Biofilm Models
QS and Biofilm
Biofilm Specific Gene and Protein Expression
The Pneumococcal Biofilm Matrix
Resistance to and in Biofilms
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 14. Pneumolysin
History
Structure and Function of Pneumolysin
Role of Pneumolysin in Pathogenesis
Inflammation and Innate Immune Recognition of Pneumolysin
Consequences of the Effects of Pneumolysin on Inflammation
Pneumolysin and Complement
Pneumolysin and T Cell Immunity
Pneumolysin and the Equilibrium Between Pathogen and Host
The Role of Pneumolysin in Pneumococcal Carriage
The Use of Pneumolysin as a Vaccine
Concluding Remarks
References
Section D: Pneumococcal Interactions with the Host
Chapter 15. Nasopharyngeal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae
Introduction
Natural Barriers to Pneumococcal Colonization
Dynamics of Pneumococcal Colonization
The Role of Viruses in Pneumococcal Colonization
Viral Infections and Pneumococcal Transmission
References
Chapter 16. Pneumococcal Biofilms and Bacterial Persistence During Otitis Media Infections
The Biofilm Concept
Pneumococcal Biofilms
Biofilm Formation by Otopathogens
Evidence for Bacterial Biofilms in OM
Introduction to OM
Summary
References
Chapter 17. Pneumococcal Pili and Adhesins
Introduction
Classification and Distribution of Pneumococcal Surface-Exposed Proteins
Molecular Architecture and Assembly of Pneumococcal Pili as Unique Cell Wall–Anchored Covalent Polymers
Impact of Pneumococcal Adhesins on Carriage and Invasive Disease
Conclusions and Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 18. Exploitation of Host Signal Transduction Pathways Induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Introduction
Direct Interaction Between Adhesive Molecules and Eukaryotic Cell-Surface Receptors
Recruitment of ECM-Proteins for Indirect Bacterial–Host Cell Contact
Ply: A Multifunctional Effector of Eukaryotic Signaling
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19. Mechanisms of Predisposition to Pneumonia: Infants, the Elderly, and Viral Infections
Introduction
Disease in Children
Advanced Age and Enhanced Susceptibility to S. pneumoniae
Impact of Viral Infections
Overview
References
Chapter 20. Mechanisms Causing the Inflammatory Response to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Introduction
Nasopharynx: Carriage, Inflammation, and Clearance
Pneumococcal Pneumonia: The Perfect Paradigm of Inflammation and Resolution
Sepsis: Chaotic Inflammation and a Threat to the Host
Meningitis: Avoiding Death in a Desperate Situation
Translational Significance of Compartmental Differences in Immune Response
References
Chapter 21. Streptococcus pneumoniae Interactions with Macrophages and Mechanisms of Immune Evasion
Introduction
S. pneumoniae Interactions with Physical and Mucosal Soluble Immune Mediators
S. pneumoniae Interactions with the Macrophage
S. pneumoniae Interactions with Complement
S. pneumoniae Interactions with Antibody
S. pneumoniae Interactions with Neutrophils
The Inflammatory Response and the Acute Phase Response
General Aspects of S. pneumoniae Interactions with Immune Mediators
References
Chapter 22. Cell-Mediated Immunity to the Pneumococcus
Classical Cell-Mediated Immunity to Bacteria
Immunodeficiency and Pneumococcal Disease
Evidence for Cell-Mediated Immunity to Pneumococcus in Mice
Evidence for Cell-Mediated Immunity to Pneumococcus in Humans
Novel Pneumococcal Vaccines and Cell-Mediated Immunity to Pneumococcus
References
Chapter 23. Pneumococcal Invasion: Development of Bacteremia and Meningitis
Upper Respiratory Tract Colonization
Progression from Pneumonia to Bacteremia
Bloodstream Survival
Bacteremia and Sepsis
Central Nervous System Invasion
CNS Inflammatory Response
Neuronal Injury
Conclusion
References
Index
