Description
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Edition 8
by John E. McMurry EBOOK PDF Instant Download
Table of Contents
Title page
Copyright page
About the Authors
Brief Contents
Contents
Features
Preface
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurements
1.1 Chemistry: The Central Science
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 1.1
1.2 States of Matter
1.3 Classification of Matter
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Aspirin—A Case Study
1.4 Chemical Elements and Symbols
1.5 Chemical Reactions: Examples of Chemical Change
1.6 Physical Quantities: Units and Scientific Notation
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Mercury and Mercury Poisoning
1.7 Measuring Mass, Length, and Volume
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 1.2
1.8 Measurement and Significant Figures
1.9 Rounding Off Numbers
1.10 Problem Solving: Unit Conversions and Estimating Answers?23
1.11 Temperature, Heat, and Energy
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Temperature-Sensitive Materials
1.12 Density and Specific Gravity
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: A Measurement Example: Obesity and Body Fat
Chapter 2 Atoms and the Periodic Table
2.1 Atomic Theory and the Structure of Atoms
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Are Atoms Real?
2.2 Elements and Atomic Number
2.3 Isotopes and Atomic Weight
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 2.1
2.4 The Periodic Table
2.5 Some Characteristics of Different Groups
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Essential Elements and Group Chemistry
2.6 Electronic Structure of Atoms
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 2.2
2.7 Electron Configurations
2.8 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
2.9 Electron-Dot Symbols
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Atoms and Light
Chapter 3 Ionic Compounds
3.1 Ions
3.2 Ions and the Octet Rule
3.3 Ions of Some Common Elements
3.4 Periodic Properties and Ion Formation
3.5 Naming Monoatomic Ions
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Salt
3.6 Polyatomic Ions
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Biologically Important Ions
3.7 Ionic Bonds
3.8 Formulas of Ionic Compounds
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 3.1
3.9 Naming Ionic Compounds
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 3.2
3.10 Some Properties of Ionic Compounds
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Ionic Liquids
3.11 H+ and OH- Ions: An Introduction to Acids and Bases
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Osteoporosis
Chapter 4 Molecular Compounds
4.1 Covalent Bonds
4.2 Covalent Bonds and the Periodic Table
4.3 Multiple Covalent Bonds
4.4 Coordinate Covalent Bonds
4.5 Characteristics of Molecular Compounds
4.6 Molecular Formulas and Lewis Structures
4.7 Drawing Lewis Structures
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: CO and NO: Pollutants or Miracle Molecules?
4.8 The Shapes of Molecules
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: VERY Big Molecules
4.9 Polar Covalent Bonds and Electronegativity
4.10 Polar Molecules
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 4.1
4.11 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Damascenone by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet
Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions
5.1 Chemical Equations
5.2 Balancing Chemical Equations
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 5.1
5.3 Precipitation Reactions and Solubility Guidelines
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Kidney Stones: A Problem in Solubility
5.4 Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 5.2
5.5 Redox Reactions
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Batteries
5.6 Recognizing Redox Reactions
5.7 Net Ionic Equations
Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships
6.1 The Mole and Avogadro’s Number
6.2 Gram–Mole Conversions
6.3 Mole Relationships and Chemical Equations
6.4 Mass Relationships and Chemical Equations
6.5 Limiting Reagent and Percent Yield
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 6.1
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Anemia—A Limiting Reagent Problem?
Chapter 7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rates, and Equilibrium
7.1 Energy and Chemical Bonds
7.2 Heat Changes during Chemical Reactions
7.3 Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Energy from Food
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 7.1
7.4 Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur? Free Energy
7.5 How Do Chemical Reactions Occur? Reaction Rates
7.6 Effects of Temperature, Concentration, and Catalysts on Reaction Rates
7.7 Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium
7.8 Equilibrium Equations and Equilibrium Constants
7.9 Le Châtelier’s Principle: The Effect of Changing Conditions on Equilibria
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Regulation of Body Temperature
Chapter 8 Gases, Liquids, and Solids
8.1 States of Matter and Their Changes
8.2 Intermolecular Forces
8.3 Gases and the Kinetic–Molecular Theory
8.4 Pressure
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming
8.5 Boyle’s Law: The Relation between Volume and Pressure
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Blood Pressure
8.6 Charles’s Law: The Relation between Volume and Temperature
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 8.1
8.7 Gay-Lussac’s Law: The Relation between Pressure and Temperature
8.8 The Combined Gas Law
8.9 Avogadro’s Law: The Relation between Volume and Molar Amount
8.10 The Ideal Gas Law
8.11 Partial Pressure and Dalton’s Law
8.12 Liquids
8.13 Solids
8.14 Changes of State Calculations
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: CO2 as an Environmentally Friendly Solvent
Chapter 9 Solutions
9.1 Mixtures and Solutions
9.2 The Solution Process
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Solid Hydrates—Salt + Water
9.3 Solubility
9.4 The Effect of Temperature on Solubility
9.5 The Effect of Pressure on Solubility: Henry’s Law
9.6 Units of Concentration
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Breathing and Oxygen Transport
9.7 Dilution
9.8 Ions in Solution: Electrolytes
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Electrolytes, Fluid Replacement, and Sports Drinks
9.9 Properties of Solutions
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 9.1
9.10 Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 9.2
9.11 Dialysis
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Timed-Release Drug Delivery Systems
Chapter 10 Acids and Bases
10.1 Acids and Bases: Definitions
10.2 Acid and Base Strength
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: GERD—Too Much Acid or Not Enough?
10.3 Acid Dissociation Constants
10.4 Water as Both an Acid and a Base
10.5 Measuring Acidity in Aqueous Solution: The pH Scale
10.6 Working with pH
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Acid Rain
10.7 Acid and Base Equivalents
10.8 Some Common Acid-Base Reactions
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 10.1
10.9 Acidity and Basicity of Salt Solutions
10.10 Buffer Solutions
10.11 Titration
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Buffers in the Body: Acidosis and Alkalosis
Chapter 11 Nuclear Chemistry
11.1 Nuclear Reactions
11.2 The Discovery and Nature of Radioactivity
11.3 Stable and Unstable Isotopes
11.4 Nuclear Decay
11.5 Radioactive Half-Life
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Medical Uses of Radioactivity
11.6 Ionizing Radiation
11.7 Detecting and Measuring Radiation
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Irradiated Food
11.8 Artificial Transmutation
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Body Imaging
11.9 Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 11.1
Chapter 12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
12.1 The Nature of Organic Molecules
12.2 Families of Organic Molecules: Functional Groups
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 12.1
12.3 The Structure of Organic Molecules: Alkanes and Their Isomers
12.4 Drawing Organic Structures
12.5 The Shapes of Organic Molecules
12.6 Naming Alkanes
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: How Important Can a Methyl Group Really Be?
12.7 Properties of Alkanes
12.8 Reactions of Alkanes
MASTERING REACTIONS: Organic Chemistry and the Curved Arrow Formalism
12.9 Cycloalkanes
12.10 Drawing and Naming Cycloalkanes
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Surprising Uses of Petroleum
Chapter 13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds
13.1 Alkenes and Alkynes
13.2 Naming Alkenes and Alkynes
13.3 The Structure of Alkenes: Cis–Trans Isomerism
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 13.1
13.4 Properties of Alkenes and Alkynes
13.5 Types of Organic Reactions
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Chemistry of Vision and Color
13.6 Addition Reactions of Alkenes
MASTERING REACTIONS: How Addition Reactions Occur
13.7 Alkene Polymers
13.8 Aromatic Compounds and the Structure of Benzene
13.9 Naming Aromatic Compounds
13.10 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Enediyne Antibiotics: A Newly Emerging Class of Antitumor Agents
Chapter 14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen
14.1 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
14.2 Naming Alcohols
14.3 Properties of Alcohols
14.4 Reactions of Alcohols
MASTERING REACTIONS: How Eliminations Occur
14.5 Phenols
14.6 Acidity of Alcohols and Phenols
14.7 Ethers
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Inhaled Anesthetics
14.8 Thiols and Disulfides
14.9 Halogen-Containing Compounds
14.10 Stereochemistry and Chirality
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 14.1
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Ethyl Alcohol as a Toxin
Chapter 15 Aldehydes and Ketones
15.1 The Carbonyl Group
15.2 Naming Simple Aldehydes and Ketones
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Chemical Warfare among the Insects
15.3 Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
15.4 Some Common Aldehydes and Ketones
15.5 Oxidation of Aldehydes
15.6 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
15.7 Addition of Alcohols: Hemiacetals and Acetals
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 15.1
MASTERING REACTIONS: Carbonyl Additions
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: When Is Toxicity Beneficial?
Chapter 16 Amines
16.1 Classifying Amines
16.2 Naming and Drawing Amines
16.3 Properties of Amines
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 16.1
16.4 Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds
16.5 Basicity of Amines
16.6 Amine Salts
16.7 Amines in Plants: Alkaloids
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Calming a Stormy Mind: Amines as Anti-Anxiety Medications
Chapter 17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
17.1 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives: Properties and Names
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 17.1
17.2 Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Medicinally Important Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
17.3 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Ester and Amide Formation
17.4 Hydrolysis of Esters and Amides
17.5 Polyamides and Polyesters
17.6 Phosphoric Acid Derivatives
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Medications, Body Fluids, and the “Solubility Switch”
Chapter 18 Amino Acids and Proteins
18.1 An Introduction to Biochemistry
18.2 Proteins and Their Functions: An Overview
18.3 Amino Acids
18.4 Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Protein Analysis by Electrophoresis
18.5 Peptides
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 18.1
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Proteins in the Diet
18.6 Protein Structure: An Overview and Primary Protein Structure
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: What Is Sickle-Cell Anemia?
18.7 Secondary Protein Structure
18.8 Tertiary Protein Structure
18.9 Quaternary Protein Structure
18.10 Chemical Properties of Proteins
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 18.2
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Imperfect Collagen—?An Unfortunate Event
Chapter 19 Enzymes and Vitamins
19.1 Catalysis by Enzymes
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 19.1
19.2 Enzyme Cofactors
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 19.2
19.3 Enzyme Classification
MASTERING REACTIONS: How to Read Biochemical Reactions
19.4 How Enzymes Work
19.5 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
19.6 Enzyme Regulation: Inhibition
19.7 Enzyme Regulation: Allosteric Control and Feedback Inhibition
19.8 Enzyme Regulation: Covalent Modification and Genetic Control
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Enzyme Inhibitors as Drugs
19.9 Vitamins, Antioxidants, and Minerals
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Vitamins, Minerals, and Food Labels
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Enzymes in Medical Diagnosis
Chapter 20 Carbohydrates
20.1 An Introduction to Carbohydrates
20.2 Handedness of Carbohydrates and Fischer Projections
20.3 Structure of Glucose and Other Monosaccharides
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 20.1
20.4 Some Important Monosaccharides
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Cell-Surface Carbohydrates and Blood Type
20.5 Reactions of Monosaccharides
20.6 Common Disaccharides
20.7 Some Important Polysaccharides Based on Glucose
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Bacterial Cell Walls: Rigid Defense Systems
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 20.2
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Carbohydrates and Fiber in the Diet
Chapter 21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy
21.1 Energy, Life, and Biochemical Reactions
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Plants and Photosynthesis
21.2 Cells and Their Structure
21.3 An Overview of Metabolism and Energy Production
21.4 Strategies of Metabolism: ATP and Energy Transfer
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Harmful Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Vitamins
21.5 Strategies of Metabolism: Metabolic Pathways and Coupled Reactions
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Basal Metabolism
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 21.1
21.6 Strategies of Metabolism: Oxidized and Reduced Coenzymes
21.7 The Citric Acid Cycle
21.8 The Electron-Transport Chain and ATP Production
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Metabolic Poisons
Chapter 22 Carbohydrate Metabolism
22.1 Digestion of Carbohydrates
22.2 Glucose Metabolism: An Overview
22.3 Glycolysis
22.4 Entry of Other Sugars into Glycolysis
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Tooth Decay
22.5 The Fate of Pyruvate
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 22.1
22.6 Energy Output in Complete Glucose Catabolism
22.7 Regulation of Glucose Metabolism and Metabolism during Stress
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 22.2
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Biochemistry of Running
22.8 Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis
22.9 Gluconeogenesis: Glucose Synthesis from Noncarbohydrates
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes
Chapter 23 Lipids
23.1 Structure and Classification of Lipids
23.2 Fatty Acids and Their Esters
23.3 Properties of Fats and Oils
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Lipids in the Diet
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 23.1
23.4 Chemical Reactions of Triacylglycerols
23.5 Phospholipids and Glycolipids
23.6 Sterols
23.7 Cell Membranes: Structure and Transport
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 23.2
Chapter 24 Lipid Metabolism
24.1 Digestion of Triacylglycerols
24.2 Lipoproteins for Lipid Transport
24.3 Triacylglycerol Metabolism: An Overview
24.4 Storage and Mobilization of Triacylglycerols
24.5 Oxidation of Fatty Acids
24.6 Ketone Bodies and Ketoacidosis
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Liver—Clearinghouse for Metabolism
24.7 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Fat Storage, Lipids, and Atherosclerosis
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 24.1
Chapter 25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
25.1 Digestion of Proteins
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY
25.2 Amino Acid Metabolism: An Overview
25.3 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Amino Group
25.4 The Urea Cycle
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Gout: When Biochemistry Goes Awry
25.5 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Carbon Atoms
25.6 Biosynthesis of Nonessential Amino Acids
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Importance of Essential Amino Acids and Effects of Deficiencies
Chapter 26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
26.1 DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes
26.2 Composition of Nucleic Acids
26.3 The Structure of Nucleic Acid Chains
26.4 Base Pairing in DNA: The Watson–Crick Model
26.5 Nucleic Acids and Heredity
26.6 Replication of DNA
26.7 Structure and Function of RNA
26.8 Transcription: RNA Synthesis
26.9 The Genetic Code
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 26.1
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Influenza: Variations on a Theme
26.10 Translation: tRNA and Protein Synthesis
Chapter 27 Genomics
27.1 Mapping the Human Genome
27.2 DNA and Chromosomes
27.3 Mutations and Polymorphisms
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 27.1
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Polymerase Chain Reaction
27.4 Recombinant DNA
27.5 Genomics: Using What We Know
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: DNA Fingerprinting
Chapter 28 Chemical Messengers: Hormones, Neurotransmitters, and Drugs
28.1 Messenger Molecules
28.2 Hormones and the Endocrine System
28.3 How Hormones Work: Epinephrine and Fight-or-Flight
28.4 Amino Acid Derivatives, Polypeptides, and Steroid Hormones
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Homeostasis
28.5 Neurotransmitters
28.6 How Neurotransmitters Work: Acetylcholine, Its Agonists and Antagonists
28.7 Histamines, Antihistamines, and Important Neurotransmitters
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 28.1
Chapter 29 Body Fluids
29.1 Body Water and Its Solutes
29.2 Fluid Balance
HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 29.1
29.3 Blood
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Blood–Brain Barrier
29.4 Plasma Proteins, White Blood Cells, and Immunity
29.5 Blood Clotting
29.6 Red Blood Cells and Blood Gases
29.7 The Kidney and Urine Formation
29.8 Urine Composition and Function
CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: What’s in Your Blood Test?
Appendices
Answers to Selected Problems
Glossary
Credits
Index
